1/8/2024 0 Comments Wd drive utilities 1.4.0.5The building energy demand is modeled with and without TOPVs, along with the electricity generation from the TOPVs, and the cradle to gate life-cycle cumulative energy demand to manufacture the TOPV modules on glass. This study evaluates the use of chloroaluminium phthalocyanine and heptamethine-based TOPVs in five types of commercial buildings and four climates in the U.S. There is a growing interest in using transparent organic photovoltaics (TOPVs) to generate on-site electricity and reduce building energy demand. These factors characterize the number of buildings that are similar to each reference building type in each location. National weighting factors are needed for each model in each location, so the relative importance of each can be factored into nationwide analyses. Some were determined from ASHRAE Standards 90.1-2004, 62.1-2004, and 62-1999 for new construction and Standard 90.1-1989 for post-1980 construction others were determined from studies of data and standard practices. The input parameters for the building models came from several sources. The models of the reference buildings are used for DOE commercial buildings research to assess new technologies optimize designs analyze advanced controls develop energy codes and standards and to conduct lighting, daylighting, ventilation, and indoor air quality studies. The reference buildings provide a common starting point to measure the progress of DOE energy efficiency goals for commercial buildings. Fifteen commercial building types and one multifamily residential building were determined by consensus between DOE, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and represent approximately two-thirds of the commercial building stock. These models represent reasonably realistic building characteristics and construction practices. This report details the development of standard or reference energy models for the most common commercial buildings to serve as starting points for energy efficiency research. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies program has set aggressive goals for energy efficiency improvements in buildings that will require collaboration between the DOE laboratories and the building industry.
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